Parmigiano Reggiano (Parmesan)

Parmigiano Reggiano

Flavor and role

An Italian hard cheese aged 12 months or more, salty and strongly savory with crunchy crystals. Grated to finish dishes or melted into sauces.

Typical dishes and uses

Bolognese, moussaka, lasagna soup, Marry Me Chicken, carbonara (in place of pecorino)

Substitutes

Replace with Grana Padano 1:1, or Pecorino Romano (saltier, so use 3/4 the amount). Powdered Parmesan has weaker flavor.

Storage

Wrap a block in parchment paper and refrigerate 1-2 months. Simmer leftover rinds in soup for a richer broth.

Main countries

Italy

Used in this book

MoussakaMarry Me ChickenLasagna SoupBolognese (Ragù alla Bolognese)Ají de GallinaAranciniFettuccine AlfredoPotato Gnocchi with Tomato and BasilLasagne alla BologneseMargherita PizzaMinestroneMushroom RisottoPão de Queijo (Brazilian Cheese Bread)Pasta e FagioliPasta al Pesto GenoveseShort Rib Ragù with PappardelleAckee and Saltfish Cream LinguineAglio Olio Shrimp Fried Rice with Garlic ChipsSlow-Simmered Ají de Gallina with Toasted PecansNikkei Ají de Gallina Udon with Dashi and Soft-Boiled EggAjí de Gallina Pull-Apart Cheese SlidersArancini al Ragù (Sicilian Cones)Arancini Waffles with Marinara DipGandules Sofrito Risotto with Chorizo and Parmesan (Puerto Rican × Italian)Ash Reshteh Minestrone (Persian × Italian)Masak Merah Chicken Parmigiana (Malaysian × Italian)Crispy Potato-Nest Bacalhau Brás Egg CupsBourguignon Ragù PappardelleBeef and Broccoli Garlic Butter SpaghettiBicol Express Coconut Rigatoni with Crispy Pork Belly and Parmesan (Filipino × Italian)Cassava Gnocchi with Bobó Shrimp Sauce (Brazilian × Italian)Bobó Shrimp Escondidinho GratinRagù alla Bolognese with Handmade Egg TagliatelleBolognese Cheese-Pull ToastiePink Borscht RisottoBruschetta Pull-Apart Cheese BreadBudae-jjigae Rosé PenneButter Chicken RigatoniButternut Squash Mac and Cheese with Crispy Sage CrumbsSansho Cacio e Pepe UdonSkillet Bannock Pizza Margherita (Italian-style)Toasted-Pepper Carbonara, Bain-Marie StyleKimchi Carbonara UdonCrispy Gnocchi Chicken Paprikash with ParmesanParmesan-Panko Chicken Parma with Slow-Simmered Napoli and ProsciuttoChicken Parma Sliders with Garlic ButterChicken Pot Pie Soup with Puff Pastry CrackersVesuvio Smashed Potato Bowl with Garlic-Wine Chicken and Minty Pea SmashRosé Dakbokkeumtang (Gochujang Tomato Cream Chicken)Nepali Dal Risotto with Timur Butter (Nepali x Italian)Doenjang Cream PastaEgg Bite Flatbread Wrap with Spinach, Feta and TomatoCaramelised Onion Carne Seca Escondidinho with Coalho CrustCrispy Cassava Escondidinho CupsHandmade Egg Fettuccine AlfredoGochujang Cream AlfredoCrispy Alfredo Pasta NestsMortadella and Burrata Focaccia Sandwich with Pistachio PestoCognac Deep-Caramel Onion Soup GratinéeBerbere Brown Butter Barley Polenta with Garlic Mushrooms (Ethiopian × Italian)Baked-Potato Gnocchi with Sage Brown ButterGochujang Rosé GnocchiCrispy Garlic-Parmesan Gnocchi BitesItalian Tomato-Mozzarella Gyeran-jjimChicken rice risotto with ginger-scallion gremolataİmam Bayıldı Parmigiana (Turkish x Italian)Jambalaya Arancini with Cajun RémouladeMushroom and Parmesan Jareesh RisottoJareesh Mozzarella Croquettes with Sumac Tahini DipJerk Chicken Rasta PastaChunjang Ragù RigatoniRosé Jjamppong with BaconSaffron Joojeh Chicken Caesar Salad with Sumac Pita CroutonsCrispy Kartoffelpuffer Cups with Apple-Bacon Sour CreamChicken Katsu Parmigiana DonKimchi Bacon Cream UdonLablabi-Spiced Pasta e Ceci with Harissa OilLagman Ragù Pappardelle (Uzbek x Italian)Red Wine Ragù Lasagna Soup with Lemon Basil RicottaBubbling Lasagna Dip with Garlic BaguetteLasagne Verdi with Homemade Spinach PastaKimchi Bulgogi LasagnaCrispy Lasagna CupsLecsó Risotto with Smoked Sausage and Parmesan (Hungarian × Italian)Gruyère and Aged Cheddar Mac with Crispy PankoMalai Kofta Spaghetti in Makhani Tomato Cream (Indian × Italian)Malawach Margherita Pizza24-Hour Neapolitan-Style MargheritaMargherita Pull-Apart Pizza RollsCrispy-Skin Marry Me Chicken Thighs with White Wine Pan SauceGochujang Rosé Marry Me Chicken Rice BowlMarry Me Chicken Baguette MeltMastava Risotto with Cumin Beef and Dill Yogurt (Uzbek × Italian)Bacon-Wrapped Beef and Pork Meatloaf with Balsamic GlazeGochujang Mentaiko Rosé Rigatoni (Korean × Japanese)Oven-Crisp Milanesa a Caballo Rice BowlGenoese Minestrone with PestoRoasted Minestrone Salad BowlBerbere Lentil Ragù RigatoniMoussaka Doria (Japanese Rice Gratin)Porcini-Stock Risotto with Butter-Seared MushroomsJapanese Miso Butter Shiitake RisottoCrispy Mushroom Risotto Squares with Whipped Ricotta and Hot HoneyMiso Eggplant Parmigiana (Japanese × Italian)Nihari Ragù Pappardelle (Pakistani × Italian)Tomato Basil Oden (Japanese × Italian)Crispy Sheet-Pan Orecchiette with Broccoli Rabe, Burrata and LemonOssobuco with Saffron Risotto alla MilaneseOsso Buco Sliders with Gremolata MayoPad See Ew Brown Butter PappardellePancit Canton CarbonaraAged-Cheese Sour Cassava Pão de QueijoJalapeño-Cheddar Cheese Bread Bites with Chipotle Honey ButterPão de Queijo Waffle with Egg, Avocado and Chili HoneyPasta e Fagioli with Dried Borlotti and Parmesan RindPasta e Fagioli Crispy Muffin-Tin Bites with Tomato-Rosemary DipPastelón with Alcaparrado Picadillo and Cheddar CustardPastitsio with Slow-Simmered Beef and Pork Ragù and Bay-Infused BéchamelLinguine with Blanched-Basil Pesto & Potato CreamKorean Perilla-Basil Pesto Spaghetti with Garlic ShrimpPesto Eggs on Lemon-Ricotta ToastBakery-Style Pineapple Cakes with Brown-Butter Cheese CrustPisto Doria (Japanese Rice Gratin)Pkhali Pesto Spaghetti (Georgian × Italian)Brown Butter Triple-Cheese QuesadillaMatcha Quesadilla with Black Sesame CrustQuesadilla Hotcake Stack with Cinnamon CremaRatatouille Cheese Melt ToastSaleeg Chicken Doria (Saudi × Japanese yōshoku)Pizza SamosasScallion Oil Aglio e Olio Spaghetti with Parmesan (Chinese × Italian)Schnitzel Bites with Lemon-Caper DipShiro Pasta e Ceci with Berbere and Rosemary (Ethiopian x Italian)Shish Tawook Salad with Toum-Caesar Dressing and Pita CrispsOven-Braised Short Rib and Porcini Ragù with GremolataGalbi-jjim Short Rib Ragù with Rice Cakes (Korean × Italian)Short Rib Ragù Polenta Bowl with Burrata and Crispy SageSopaipilla Montanara (Chilean × Neapolitan)Spaghetti Assassina Pizza with Melted MozzarellaSpiral Spanakopita with Three CheesesTomato-Bacon Minestrone Sujebi (Korean × Italian)Sukiyaki CarbonaraItalian Octopus, Mozzarella and Basil TakoyakiCaprese TamagoyakiTandoori Chicken Caesar Salad with Naan CroutonsThree-Cup Chicken Penne with Thai Basil-Peanut Pesto (Taiwanese × Italian)Chicken Tinga Rigatoni with Cream and Parmesan (Italian × Mexican)Tomato and Egg Spaghetti (Chinese meets Italian)Tonkatsu ParmigianaBacon Parmesan Rosé TteokbokkiStracciatella TteokgukTurkish Pasta Chips with Chili Butter Yogurt DipKamatama Carbonara UdonCrispy Whitebait Caesar SaladTomato Yosenabe with Basil-Parmesan Risotto (Japanese × Italian)Yuxiang Eggplant Spaghetti with Basil and Parmesan (Chinese × Italian)Caramelised Onion, Feta and Herb Zucchini Slice

Updated 2026-10-10